A Reference Framework for Zero Energy Districts in Panama Based on Energy Performance Simulations and Bioclimatic Design Methodology

The need for efficient buildings to contribute sustainable development has led the proposal of goals and regulations in different countries linked net zero energy objectives, following approaches specific their regions. Such are not yet developed a developing country such as Panama. Thus, this study develops first framework Zero Energy Districts (ZED) Panama based on passive active solutions through dynamic simulation. For this, an existing urbanization area consisting 34 residential buildings, called case (EC), was studied. After undergoing design bioclimatic methodology, redesigned (RC) is proposed maintain thermal comfort reduce consumption. Key redesign factors buildings’ shape, orientation, glazing, use shadows, material walls, air conditioning configuration. Results showed consumption decreases by 37.5% when considering all with natural ventilation, reaching ranges positive (+356.50 kWh/m2y). In nearly ZED Panama, could be considered between 14 180 kWh/m2y. This balance indicates that there potential site develop districts.